GFW BLOG（功夫网与翻墙）

Blogger arrested as regime steps up online surveillance

2008-01-30T23:53:00.001-08:00

来源：Reporters Without Borders， Burma Media Association

Reporters Without Borders and the Burma Media Association firmly condemn the arrest of blogger and writer Nay Myo Latt yesterday at his home in the Rangoon district of Thingankyun.

“This hounding of bloggers is unacceptable,” the two organisations said. “We do not know where Nay Bone Latt is being held. We urge the authorities to release him and to stop this persecution.”

A member of the outlawed National League for Democracy, Nay Myo Latt uses his blog (http://www.nayphonelatt.net/) to record the difficulties encountered by young Burmese when trying to express themselves, especially since last autumn’s protests against the military regime that were led by Buddhist monks. He also owns three Internet Cafés in Burma and one of them is located in Thingankyun.

Those arrested during the protests included blogger Thar Phyu (www.mogokemedia.blogspot.com), who was held for several hours just for posting photos of monks and demonstrators in the streets. His website has been closed.

The Burmese authorities have stepped up their surveillance of the Internet since the start of January, reportedly pressuring Internet café owners to register the personal details (name, address and so on) of all users and to programme (and save) screen captures every five minutes on each computer. All this data is apparently then sent to the communication ministry.

The Burmese exile news agency Mizzima quoted one Internet café owner as saying: “No one wants to submit to these measures but those who are most scared definitely will have complied.”

The only blog platform that until recently had still been accessible within Burma, the Google-owned Blogger (http://www.blogger.com), has been censured by the regime since 23 January. Bloggers are no longer able to post entries unless they use proxies are other ways to circumvent censorship.

“This blockage is one of the ways used by the government to reduce Burmese citizens to silence,” Reporters Without Borders and the Burma Media Association said. “They can no long post blog entries or disseminate information. Burma is in danger of being cut off from the rest of the world again.”

When contacted by Mizzima reporters, local officials had no explanation for Blogger’s inaccessibility, saying they had received no orders on the subject. Local bloggers say the authorities also leave comments on blogs to dissuade other Internet users from reading them, or sometimes redirect them to other sites. Visitors to Niknayman (http://niknayman.blogspot.com/), one of the most popular sites last autumn, were redirected to a porn site.

Burmese Regime Strikes at Bloggers

2008-01-30T23:48:00.000-08:00

作者：Shah Paung 来源：Irrawaddy

By Shah Paung
January 30, 2008

Burmese authorities have arrested one of the country’s best known bloggers, the owner of three Internet cafes in Rangoon, according to sources in the former capital.

The arrested blogger was identified as Nay Myo Latt by a source who knows him well. The source said Nay Myo Latt, also known as Nay Phone Latt, was arrested at his home in Rangoon’s Thingangyun Township of Rangoon.

Nay Myo Latt, a youth member of the opposition National League for Democracy, owns the Explorer Internet café in Rangoon’s Papedan Township, the Heaven Internet café in Thingangyun Township and a third in the same suburb.

An NLD youth member who is a friend of Nay Myo Latt said the arrested blogger had been under observation by the authorities since returning from a stay in Singapore one year ago.

On his Website, www.nayphonelatt.blogspot.com, Nay Myo Latt says he is interested in art and music. But his friend said he was probably arrested because of political content on the site.

Burmese authorities have become increasingly nervous about the activities of the country’s many Internet bloggers since the September 2007 demonstrations, when blog sites were a major source of information about the protests and the regime’s brutal crackdown.

The first blog site to carry pictures of the demonstrations, http://moezack.blogspot.com, was closed down, and a blogger in Mogok Township, central Burma, was warned about the content on his site, www.mogokmedia.blogspot.com.

The authorities have tried to break contacts between Burmese bloggers and the outside world by blocking the Web site www.blogger.com and by slowing down Internet transmission speeds.

Sabotage is another regime method to disrupt bloggers’ activities. The Niknayman blog site was infiltrated by saboteurs who added insults and pornographic material to its content.

Burmese bloggers hide from police

2008-01-29T23:46:00.000-08:00

作者：Nem Davies 来源：Mizzima News

Nem Davies
Mizzima News (www.mizzima.com)
January 29, 2008

Apprehensive of the relentless crackdown by the Burmese military junta, several Burmese bloggers in Rangoon have gone into hiding. The scare follows the arrest of a Burmese blogger, Nay Phone Latt, earlier in the day.

Burmese bloggers in the former capital are alarmed and have been forced to go underground in fear of the authorities taking action against them. Nay Phone Latt (Nay Bone Latt), a blogger as well as a writer, was arrested from an internet cafe in Thingan Kyun Township.

A blogger, who requested anonymity in fear of reprisals, said, "At the moment we [bloggers] are fleeing in the wake of the arrest of Ko Nay Phone Latt."

Nay Phone Latt has a blog site www.nayphonelatt.blogspot.com, where he posted writings about expressions of the youth in Burma.

Another blogger said he believes the authorities have targeted bloggers and confirmed that fellow bloggers are on the run in fear of arrests.

Internet users in Rangoon said, over a few weeks ago, authorities have stepped up surveillance of internet users and asked internet café owners to maintain strict records of users.

Blogging, which is popular among Burmese youth, has become a dangerous pastime in the country. The authority's stranglehold over information flow remains as tight as ever and there is zero tolerance over any critical writing.

During the September protests, a Burmese blogger Thar Phyu, who has a blogsite www.mogokemedia.blogspot.com, was arrested and briefly detained for posting pictures of monks and people demonstrating on the streets.

Meanwhile, authorities have shifted poet Saya Saw Wai, who was arrested last week for writing a Valentines' day poem that contains a hidden word – 'Power Crazy Than Shwe', – to the notorious Insein prison on Saturday, family members said.

Blogger arrested by police: Friends

2008-01-29T23:42:00.000-08:00

来源：Mizzima News

Mizzima News (www.mizzima.com)
January 29, 2008

Chiang Mai, Thailand – Police in the former capital of Burma on Tuesday detained a dissident blogger.

Nay Phone Latt (Nay Bone Latt), a writer was picked up by police at a Rangoon internet café, friends told Mizzima. The reason for his detention is not yet clear.

In addition to being a blogger, Nay Phone Latt works for a private business company.

"I am a youth who is crazy about the arts", he wrote as a self introduction in one of his blogs.

Police searched houses in Thingyankyun and Thuwanna, where he used to live, this morning at about 10:00 a.m., according to a friend.

The blogger's aunt's residence was also raided by police.

Internet users in Burma told Mizzima that over the last few weeks authorities have increasingly monitored online activities.

Attack on Burmese Blogs by SPDC (Military Regime in Burma)

2008-01-21T18:04:00.000-08:00

来源：niknayman 翻译：Burmese Bloggers w/o Borders

[Original Source – niknayman ]
Translated by Burmese Bloggers w/o Borders
(http://bbwob.blogspot.com)

Before the recent "Saffron Revolution", there were approximately around 2000 blogs and most of them concentrated on writing about the topics of their own personal interest and their personal experiences in life.

In September, Burmese people could no longer endure the years of poverty and as a result of increase in diesel prices, many of them took to the streets for peaceful demonstrations. Such demonstrations were shown to the world through the Burmese blogs in the form of instant news, pictures and videos. After that, everyone, including SPDC, became aware of the significant role that Burmese bloggers played in this "Saffron Revolution".

After seeing the impact that Burmese blogs can have as transmission medium for news, SPDC declared that they will retaliate in a similar manner, that is, to "fight media (blogs) with media (blogs)". They began to see the urgent need to implement actions according to their declaration. Therefore, they chose a group of their trusted people and gave them training on blogging. They then asked those people to write blogs according to their tune, thus resulting in the rise of various pro-SPDC blogs in Burmese bloggers' community. Not only do those blogs were asked to write pro-SPDC posts, but also asked to attack the posts written by pro-democracy bloggers and to incite discord among the Burmese bloggers' community.

Their techniques also included writing vulgar words, writing spam, impersonating identities of certain bloggers and writing nonsense under their nicknames in commonly-used message boards (aka c-boxes).

Knowing their techniques, many Burmese bloggers have simply ignored their provocations in c-boxes by just deleting their messages.

Hence, they decided to attack from another direction, that is, to block certain Burmese blogs so that the people in Burma would not be able to view them. Many well-known pro-democracy blogs were their first targets.

However, with the advanced technology, the people in Burma found a way to overcome such restrictions. Subsequently, SPDC resorted to slowing down the internet speed for their networks and even to the extent of limiting the internet usage by shutting down their networks for public usage.

They also restricted the usage of internet cafes by asking the users at those places to register using their identity cards, filling in their personal details, keeping a log of visited sites and taking screenshots of various pages.

Their latest attacks include blocking the access to the whole of www.blogger.com from Burma and the possibility of increasing the price for usage of internet in Burma.

Pro-SPDC group has also tried to hack into the Gmail accounts of well-known pro-democracy Burmese blogs. After being successful, they would change or redirect the URLs of those blogs to porn website addresses and advertised addresses for businesses.

In addition, they have also tried to create bogus blogs with similar addresses of pro-democracy blogs by adding some words to the URL. The well-known pro-democracy blogger, niknayman's blog, fell victim to such attack recently. As shown in the picture below, they created a bogus blog with the URL (http://niknayman.blogspot.com.corp.st) and put the name of the blog as "This is myanmar NLD stupid sucking blog". If you open the bogus blog, you will be directed into a porn site.

[Disclaimer: Women are advised not to open the bogus blog's link as it contains a lot of porn materials. The screenshot of the bogus blog is shown in this post just to prove as evidence of SPDC's doing.]

They have also advertised this bogus blog's address in various c-boxes of Burmese people, especially women, under the nickname of "admin" as shown below in picture. By doing that, they tried to trick people into misunderstanding that Niknayman has changed his blog's address and he, himself, was the one going around informing the people of this new address.

When the check was done on the identity of the person who went around advertising the bogus blog's link, the person turned out to be a pro-SPDC blogger, by the name of Opposite Eyes. Though he used a fake IP address, his lie was exposed as shown below.

Niknayman has also discovered how the pro-SPDC group created the bogus's blog address. They registered as a member of a French business company and made use of the domain name given by typing "niknayman.blogspot.com" in the blank in front as shown in picture below.

Niknayman has declared that such lies and attacks by pro-SPDC groups in Burmese websites, forums, blogs and emails definitely will be exposed after gathering enough evidence. With such evidence, their cases will be presented to international internet usage authority and human rights authority, etc.

Finally, Niknayman urged his fellow Burmese bloggers to be careful of such attacks from SPDC side and to unite against SPDC and their lackeys.

To download the above article for distribution, please click here

Myanmar telecom blocks bloggers

2008-01-19T17:48:00.000-08:00

来源：Mizzima News

January 17, 2008 - Rangoon – In a bid to stop the flow of information outside Burma one of the most popular blog sites www.blogger.com has been banned by the Myanmar Post and Telecomm Ministry as of Thursday morning, according to bloggers in the former capital.

In the wake of 'Saffron Revolution', another Internet Service Provider 'Bagan Teleport' has blocked this blog website. And now the remaining ISP under the MPT has blocked this website which bars computers in Burma from accessing the blogs.

Both the ISPs are under the control of the military regime but under two different administrations.

However, an official from MPT in Rangoon denied the report and said that she didn't know why surfers can't visit these blogs when a Mizzima desk reporter contacted her.

Similarly an official from the telecom office said that there was no official instruction given to them to block these blogs sites, but he declined to give further details.

Bloggers played an important role in exposing the secretive and isolated military-ruled country for its crackdown against demonstrators during the people's uprising last September.

缅甸抗议活动照片显示互联网的效力和局限

2007-11-22T19:42:00.000-08:00

作者：Stephen Kaufman 来源：美国国务院国际信息局《美国参考》

华盛顿──媒体对最近缅甸民主抗议活动的报道主要依靠缅甸能够上网并拥有手机的为数不多的公民的勇气和技术能力。但是，缅甸的军事统治者向博客作者及其他公民报道人展示了独裁政权统治带来的挑战──军事统治者通过关闭提供互联网服务的公司和手机电波发射基站而有效地将缅甸与外界观察者隔绝。

保护记者委员会(Committee to Protect Journalists)亚洲部协调员迪茨(Bob Dietz)向《美国参考》表示，今年八月和九月自缅甸传出的录像、照片和报道是"迄今为止我们见到的这方面的最佳典范"。他说，虽然缅甸仅有百分之一的人能够上网，但"当地的人民肯定知道正在发生的情况，并能够利用技术手段给予报道。"

迪茨说，缅甸的媒体受制于十分严格的国家审查制度，外国记者一般很少能进入这个国家。在抗议活动发生之前，外部世界很少能目睹缅甸内部正在发生的事情。正因为如此，当图像开始出现时，全世界的观察人士都大为惊奇。

他说："这些照片质量很好，生动地展示了身穿僧袍的僧侣与普通平民在齐心协力，这是来自世界上审查制度最严格的国家之一的令人惊叹的画面。但这些图像真的传出来了，令人赞叹不已，这比在一个视觉信息司空见惯的地方给人的印象要深刻得多。"

迪茨还指出，那些冒险拍摄和传播这些图像的人针对的是外部世界，因为他们自己并无法进入张贴这些资讯的各种网站。他说："虽然他们肯定了解全世界的注意力都集中在他们这里，但他们对我们具有的各种视频和博客信息不一定都知情。他们的多种做法是针对外界的，为了是努力得到支持，使我们了解正在发生什么事情。"

尽管缅甸能够上互联网的人数受到严格限制，而且缅甸政府使用监控软件来过滤和控制信息，但博客的作者与公民记者们还是成功地把图像传到海外。

一名伊朗博客作者对《美国参考》表示，国家可以建立包含具体网站网址的数据库，进而使用滤器来封锁网站。同缅甸一样，伊朗利用提供互联网服务的部门监视本国公民登陆的网站。这名博客作者说，由于每天有千百万人上各种网站，当权者的注意力主要集中在那些造访人数最多的网站。博客作者的最佳对策是，鼓励更多的人加入自己的行列，分散点击次数，同时将同一信息传给各个网站。

在缅甸，由于反对派的活动如此有效，军事统治集团最终决定中断该国仅有的两条与仰光和曼德勒相连的提供互联网服务的电缆。迪茨形容这是非常激烈的对策。他说："动用这种做法表明那些军人感到多么走投无路。它说明，他们不会再掉以轻心。"

除此之外，由于人们利用移动电话发送照片和录像，缅甸军人政府关闭了手机信号发射塔，切断电话联系。由于缅甸没有卫星电话服务，因此人们只能使用容易受到监控的普通线路电话。

迪茨说，军人统治者有效地限制了信息的流通，反对派很快便转而依靠人穿越缅泰边界传递消息，包括利用边境对面的手机信号。不过，他表示，那是一个非常偏远并且受到严密监视的地区。

利用比较传统的信息传递方式变成了惟一可行的对策，如：将信息储存在光盘或微型内存器内，然后悄悄从边境带入泰国。迪茨预测，暂时不会有多少来自缅甸的新闻，因为许多人担心被查出携带这类东西，特别是在边境附近地区。他说："如果受到搜查，被发现携带光盘之类的东西或任何实物证据，那么这件东西毫无疑问要受到查阅，在储存器里的内容被确定之前──无论是什么内容，携带人会一直被拘留。如果一个人被查出携带了那类东西，那么肯定会遭到狠狠判刑，刑期可能会漫长无涯。"

然而，迪茨说，由于对言论自由的压制在缅甸由来已久，因此缅泰印三国边境一带的组织以及缅甸流亡组织相互间的联系仍然保持运作良好。他指出，在政府切断电话和互联网服务时，他们能够重新采用老的信息传递方式，这种灵活性是一个宝贵优势。他说："正是这种人与人之间秘密或公开传递信息的能力，成为了缅甸国内外反对派真正百折不断的支柱。"

日本记者遭军警枪杀视频曝光缅甸政府封锁互联网

2007-10-06T19:38:00.000-07:00

来源：CNET科技资讯网

CNET科技资讯网10月4日国际报道一位居住在美国洛杉矶的教授将日本摄影记者遭军警枪杀的视频传上网络，并引发踊跃的回响和讨论，可能是迫使缅甸独裁政府封锁网络的主要原因。

网络上散布的视频包括法新社的日本摄影记者被一名镇暴士兵近距离射杀的片段。缅甸的僧侣和民众因燃油价格自8月份起暴涨，在首都仰光发动一连串的示威抗议。执政长达19年的缅甸军政府已承认要为日籍记者长井健司的死负责。

长井在9月27日被射杀的视频，是由圣塔蒙尼卡学院教授Ryan McMillen公布在网络。他随后将这段视频传至有线电视新闻网CNN的I-Report公民记者服务。视频上传不到5分钟，CNN的制作人便致电McMillen，请求准许使用该片段。

他表示：仅是传递这种有力且重要视频的感受-这段如此赤裸展现当人在法西斯政权压迫下可以如何堕落的视频-说真的，就是一种权力的感受。

“证据”公布后，缅甸各地原就严格限制的互联网立刻被全面封锁，，只有少数军政府人员能使用卫星联机。缅军在1989年首次监禁国际知名的民主斗士翁山苏姬，她在来年的选举中当选为总统，但随后就被软禁在家至今。

上个月，以缅甸相关新闻为主的网站Irawaddy.com，共有3,000万次点阅，是该站平时流量的三倍。世界各地的网友纷纷涌入，浏览该站编辑Aung Zaw公布的上千张关于近日冲突的视频。

他表示：（缅甸）政府显然将互联网视为敌人。Zaw是从缅甸逃出的难民，自1993年起，就在泰国发行印刷版的Irawaddy。上周该站突然无法运作，Zaw认为是缅军政府发出的病毒所造成。

缅甸民众的苦难早已获得国际间的广泛注意和声援。今年8月，好莱坞当红喜剧演员金凯瑞（Jim Carrey）便录制一段要求释放翁山苏姬的视频，在YouTube网站播放。该视频自8月27日上传后，至今累积超过30万人点阅。日前再度入狱的翁山苏姬是1991年诺贝尔和平奖得主。

缅甸：互联网管制

2007-10-06T19:37:00.000-07:00

来源：全球之声

这是由一位缅甸不愿透露姓名的博客所写。

现在有大群支持抗议的缅甸博客，整个缅甸博客圈塞满了相关的新闻和照片。因此缅甸军政府采取心虚胆小者的手段，几乎在禁止所有缅甸之外的博客后，马上禁止与政治有关的博客。少数博客试图绕过proxy和博客，使用电子邮件刊登博客文章。

更糟的是，缅甸主要的IPS bagannet 以所谓的"维修因素"而关闭，且大部分的电信服务已被切断或窃听。流出该国的信息一直严格监控，甚至业余摄影师也被警告要小心，因为军政府会追踪照片的来源。

这几天许多博客的文章数已经大量减少，尽管如此，非常令人鼓舞的是，我们依然看到一些自由的博客仍能与外界接触，并正全力把缅甸最新的消息提供给世界上其他国家的人。

其中Niknayman擅长用CBox （博客留言版）的服务报告缅甸的实况。http://niknayman.cbox.ws/在 24/7就有几千人阅读，成为海外缅甸人获得新闻的主要来源。他的CBox的使用人数迅速增长，并设立英文版CBox http://burmanews.cbox.ws/ 以求国际化。

今天的新文章包括： Ancient Ghost报导仰光电力中断。

网吧关闭了。无论MPT ISP和缅甸电讯服务供应商今天早上切断仰光和曼德勒的网际网路。军政府设法防止更多关于他们暴力镇压的影片、照片和资讯传出。我从我朋友那得到一个消息，昨晚一些军方人员搜查从Traders 到Sakura大楼办公室的电脑。大部分在那些大楼办公室中的市区活动照片都拿走了。GSM手机线路和室内电话线也剪掉，即使是在当地彼此联络也非常不易。GSM短信发送服务也没了。缅甸已经被强力管制了！

Lun Swe博士的博客是最新照片的另一大来源，目前他在博客上放了在泰缅边境一些宗教团体祈祷的照片。

博客Yan Aung 建议以媒体宣传。他的目标是让缅甸在一年内自由，他的计划是：

帮助博客克服针对blogspot.com的限制
使用Wordpress作为将来博客的平台
经由Youtube让世界了解在缅甸发生的流血事件
发布新闻图片到主要出版机构，如纽约时报、朝日新闻、华盛顿邮报等让其刊登

同时他也尝试组织募款机制来帮助抗议的人，并征求多语翻译以求得与国际媒体有效的沟通。

Refugees Within发表一篇关于一个帮助缅甸示威抗议者的方法的文章。

我的一位朋友帮助设立网上捐款的机制，将募得的钱拿去帮助支持在缅甸的示威抗议者。现在已经有人员伤亡，而医疗服务都还没有准备好，以应付我们所害怕的情况：大量伤亡。我在泰国捐出30元，我相信这些成立这些捐款单位的人。请考虑这样做！

原文作者：Preetam Rai
校对：KJ

批英美媒体煽动缅甸封锁资讯外流

2007-10-01T19:27:00.000-07:00

来源：联合早报网

台湾中时电子报报道，缅甸军政府除了继续以子弹与催泪瓦斯镇压示威群众之外，也加强箝制资讯流出，切断不少电话线与网际网路流通管道。但异议人士表示，现代科技发达，军政府或许能延缓残暴镇压的资讯外流，但绝对无法完全挡下。

　　目前张贴政府镇压行动照片与资讯的网站、部落格都被封锁；而寺庙、反对派政治人士与学生领袖的电话线被切断，手机讯号也不通。外籍记者也碰到相同窘境，网咖也被迫关闭。

　　迹象显示，缅甸军政府害怕外国广播电台及卫星电视台播报这次民众示威与政府军的镇压，于是动用国营媒体进行反制，甚至指责外国媒体煽动这次反政府示威。

　　《缅甸之光》报报导说，有来自国内外的破坏狂以及外国广播公司，因为嫉妒缅甸的和平与发展，所以一直透过造谣撒谎，来制造缅甸境内的不安与民间动乱。

　　官方的英语电视台MRTV-3还点名“英国广播公司”及“美国之声”在散布“弥天大谎”，电视画面字幕写道：“留心破坏分子、英国广播公司及美国之声”。

　　虽然缅甸军政府尽最大努力，想封锁任何超然的资讯，但残酷镇压民众的影像及未经删检的资讯依然流出境外。有人克服官方的防火墙，把照片直接上传到较难追踪的资讯储存网址，不经由电子邮件捎递。

　　被迫流亡的缅甸记者群也透过国内的连络网来取得影像与资讯，再透过部落格及卫星电视台传回国内。

缅甸异议人士的“网络抗争”

2007-10-01T18:58:00.000-07:00

来源：BBC中文网

缅甸是个以极权著称的军政府国家，信息控制可以说是政府的拿手戏。然而，最近僧人们的示威不断扩大之际，他们身穿暗红僧袍抗议的形象从缅甸传到了世界各地。

缅甸国内政治异议人士冒着危险用简单的设备，包括手机拍摄了这些影像，尽管照片有时不那么清晰，录像画面有些抖动。

新闻自由机构"记者无国界"也表示，缅甸民主人士通过地下网络把这些材料传进传出的能力实在令人惊叹。

过去他们是用人来亲自传递这些资料，如今他们用上了代理服务器、Google和YouTube等网络时代的新武器。

可以说，这次抗议活动和1988年被残酷镇压的抗争之间最大的区别就是互联网成了政治斗争的有力工具。

由于那些缅甸博客作者的努力，外部世界很快准确知道了缅甸各地街头发生的一切。当然同时也提高了人们的信息胃口。

缅甸出生的郭泰克现在住在伦敦，抗议发生后，他原来的文学博客成了一个新闻机构，不断推出国内地下网络给他提供的照片和录像，网页的点击数也增长了十倍。

他在接受BBC新闻网采访时说："我在缅甸不同的地方有大约十个人，他们在网吧把材料通过博客或电子邮件发出来"。

和郭泰克一样的"网络异见人士"在缅甸国外不只他一位，他们在传播信息的同时，也教网络使用者如何突破政府的网络控制，浏览到被过滤掉的网页。

虚拟政治

互联网也成了那些不能公开自由表达政见的缅甸人一个虚拟的"议政空间"。

郭泰克就是在网络论坛上遇到他的那些"公民记者"的。

郭泰克说，他们使用网络聊天室，如果环境危险，他们就什么都不说，只是留下网络链接，告诉他有了新东西。

有分析人士说，虽然缅甸人口只有不到1%可以使用互联网，即使用政府提供的过滤后的互联网也要登记，否则会判刑十五年，但军政府显然低估了其潜在政治影响力。

网络专家说，和中国的网络控制相比，缅甸的过滤还比较初级，还存在可供这些异议博客利用的漏洞。

郭泰克说，网络信息的传达非常重要，不过他也非常重视保护他的信息来源，一旦从其他渠道发现情况不妙，他也会通过网络提醒他们加倍小心。

缅甸：网络管制最严，百密终有一疏

2007-09-29T19:06:00.000-07:00

作者：Shawn W Crispin 来源：亚洲时报转自：观察

仰光---作为全球互联网管制最严厉的国家之一，缅甸经常封锁国外新闻网站和提供电子邮件服务的网站。然而，在军政府上月取消官方补贴而导致燃油价格暴涨时，大批市民随后在仰光街头示威游行的消息和片断却恰恰是通过互联网传遍世界的。

倍感尷尬之餘，缅甸的最高权力机构“国家和平与发展委员会”（SPDC）加强了对本地与境外传媒的监控，禁止它们报道政府镇压示威活动的新闻。本土记者和摄影师还受到了亲政府团体的骚扰与威胁，有些人的手机服务也暂停使用。

虽然缅甸要求所有国内媒体噤声，并在官方传媒上刊登了谴责此次示威活动组织者的文章。不过，在互联网这片战场上，军政府却败得一塌糊涂。记者与异议者们丝毫不理会政府的禁令，不断地把有关抗议活动的新闻和视频短片通过网络寄给境外新闻社。

借助这一方式，海外媒体对缅甸政府的镇压进行了详细报道。就连著名的视频共享网站YouTube也出现了不少平民记者上传的抗议活动短片；更可趣的是，其中一位上传者竟自称是“国家和平与发展委员会”（SPDC）主席丹瑞（Than Shwe）。由流亡人士在泰国创办的刊物Irrawaddy，更是号召更多国民去扮演平民记者的角色，积极提供新闻线索。

既然缅甸官方的互联网管制手段非常了得，为何偏偏无法堵截这类敏感信息呢？军政府使用了多种软件过滤技术，对国民在上网时可接触的内容进行了层层限制。

缅甸的大部分互联网用户，原本只能使用国内网；连最受欢迎的Gmail与Hotmail等电子邮件服务，也被禁止。开放网络促进会（OpenNet Initiative）称，缅甸2005年已是全球“最广泛”使用互联网屏蔽手段的国家之一。开放网络促进会，是由哈佛大学法学院、多伦多大学、剑桥大学和牛津大学共同组建的，以研究各国政府的互联网屏蔽行为。

开放网络促进会说，缅甸政府能对电子邮件等通讯工具进行监控，并使国内的互联网用户无法瀏览那些主张民主改革的反对党派的网站。2005年，该组织对一些含有敏感内容的网站进行了测试，发现缅甸屏蔽了其中84%的网页。另外，缅甸还过滤了85%的电子邮件服务提供商，“以便更好地监视国民的通讯行为及控制异议者与反对派的活动。”

缅甸的技术封锁能力，全仗购自美国网络安全公司Fortinet的软件与设备。开放网络促进会表示，缅甸在2005年时仍不失时机地去购买更先进的网络封锁软件，儘管其能力并未降低。

过去两年来，多亏了代理服务器、代理网站、加密电子邮件、Http通道等技术的日益兴盛，缅甸的互联网现状才不致於象开放网络促进会所预测的那般可悲。

事实上，缅甸的互联网渗透率相当低，因为不但上网价格不菲，而且还需跨越重重政策障碍，如用户只有提供了由网络服务提供商签发的、确认使用者“於政治无害”的文件，才可以接入互联网。

互联网渗透率低，恰恰掩盖了缅甸网吧多如牛毛的事实。特别是在仰光，开设在隐蔽的居民住所中的低级网吧越来越多。笔者近几个月所去过的网吧，均设置了境外代理网站或代理服务器：在网吧服务员的帮助下，上网者可轻鬆避开政府的网络防火墙，从而进入无拘无束的互联网世界；被政府过滤的敏感网站，网民均可自由访问。

Glite.sayni.net（很多人简称为Glite），是在缅甸网吧使用最多的代理网站。该网站在印度的网管说，由於可帮助用户使用政府试图封锁的Gmail，Glite程序在缅甸已被网吧用户和居民下载了数万次。

Glite已有三种版本被缅甸政府屏蔽，但这位网管说，他已设计并建立了更多站点。由於一些版本以难以搜索和封锁的形式藏身於支持网站的论坛中，他估计目前可用的至少仍有11种版本。

他指出，在设计过程中便给Glite加入了不被搜索网站列出的特性。这样，缅甸的网吧用户有了自己隐蔽且安全的接触渠道；而同时，政府的搜索引擎过滤器又很难準确发现含有Glite的网站数量。这位网管直言“不喜欢参与政治”，但他说缅甸军政府试图封锁互联网的努力无异於飞蛾扑火。

在仰光的网吧里，Your-freedom.net 与Yeehart.com这两个代理网站同样颇受欢迎。包括Hushmail.com在内的眾多加密邮件服务网站，也拥有不少支持者：不少当地记者与流亡记者都学会了使用这一技术。技术专家称，缅甸政府目前还没有破解此招的手段。

在如今的动盪时期，面对这类技术广泛传播而束手无策的缅甸政府，乾脆一不做二不休 — 切断国内网与国际互联网的连接。最近，仰光的网吧下午常常无法接入万维网；而这正是记者们向海外发稿的时间。

在上月取消燃油补贴后，缅甸政府截止今日仍不愿再出臺新政策，担心会进一步冲击国民的生活，特别是那些城市里的商人。为了节省通讯费用，他们越来越依赖仰光的网吧。当然，这一情形也会发生变化，前提是街头示威在未来几周里持续升级，而军政府实施了更严酷的铁腕手段。

在此严峻形势下，有关缅甸局势的详细报道依然能流向海外；这不能不说是一场打破政府对互联网封锁的全球性胜利。当游行示威告一段落，不管局势如何发展，这场以信息主导的运动将来都很有可能被称为“Glite革命”。

作者Shawn W Crispin是亚洲时报在线驻东南亚的新闻编辑。